The Use of Punctuation Marks in the Writing of Libyan Students Essay

â€Å"Punctuation marks are the main means of showing the grammatical organisation of what you write. Hide the punctuation and you hide the grammatical structure. And if you hide the grammatical structure, you hide the meaning of what you are trying to say.† Crystal (1996:151) maintains. As punctuation is relevant to and necessary to grammar (as above quotation states), a significant cause of EFL learner and Arab EFL writer low punctuation proficiency is the incorrect application of rules (Al-Jarf, 2001). He points out, the incorrect application of rules caused by: 1) failure to master the operational or transformational component of a rule; and 2) failure to learn a rules domain of applicability (p.16). According to Mohammed (2006), EFL learners who are unable to write in complete sentence, and constantly appear to have difficulty with understanding the concept of a sentence; their writing contains unconventional punctuation as a result. Mann (2003) believes that one should be familiar with sentence boundaries in order to punctuate correctly; moreover, he points out that to begin and end sentences is one of some difficulties learners face when they start to write. As the construction of sentence varies from one language to another, such variations may result in writing in incomplete sentence and then inappropriate use of punctuation. A simple sentence is â€Å"an independent clause expressing one idea† (Al-Khresheh 2010, p. 106), â€Å"a syntactic unit which contains a finite verb† (Fischer 1984, p. 15, cited in Polio 1997, p. 107), comprised of one subject-verb combination, though the subject may be compound and thus making up a clause with â€Å"more than one constituent† (Al-Khresheh 2010, p. 106). These features describe the English s... ...O’Grady, et al. 1996, cited in Al-Khresheh 2010, p. 106). Othman (2007) posits the differences in Arabic subordinate clauses at the helm of the differences and the cause of the impact to punctuating in English writing. Othman (2007) has conducted a study in which he has attempted to find out how subordination and coordination are commonly used in Arabic and English texts. He concludes: subordination is seen as a sign of maturity and sophistication in English writing, whereas coordination is more commonly used in Arabic writing. As Mohamed and Omer (1999) also conclude, these differences, like those in coordination efforts, manifest in several ways: Arabic subordinate clauses are semantically subordinate, but are syntactically capable equal to their main clauses, just like their main independent clauses, of acting independently as separate sentences† (p. 293).

Raising Minimum Wage Essay

Corona English 1B 04/11/13 I want to start off by telling you a little bit about Ms. Criswell she works full time, with no benefits, and she hasn’t had a raise in three years. After taxes, she brings home $1,030 a month – enough, if she’s careful, to meet her expenses, with little wiggle room. â€Å"What I feel,† she says, â€Å"is anxiety. I felt it just this morning. It’s constantly in the back of my mind: ‘Am I going to have enough to pay the bills? ‘† She grows what food she can and buys items that can be stretched out to multiple meals. To live with the concern of whether or not she will be able to keep her home and feed herself shouldn’t be an issue for anyone. They are programs to help starving children in foreign countries then maybe the government should stop and look at whats happening in America. We cant say Ms. Criswell is lazy and doesn’t want to work, so how else can she bring home more income if she is limited to what is available. If minimum wage was to be increased, this would allow people to bring home more income and there are concerns and I will address them in the following. According to minimum-wage. rg, a full time minimum wage worker in California working 40 hours a week, 52 weeks a year, will earn $64. 00 per day, $320. 00 per week, and $16,640. 00 per year. The national poverty line for a family unit consisting of two people is $14,570 per year. This doesn’t give much room for emergencies or health complications or even extra money to put away in a savings account, most fami lies live paycheck to paycheck. With rising gas prices and rent, theres no doubt that a bigger pay check can substancially lower the risk of going bank rupt or putting the health and well being of your child in danger. Cost of living has risen since the last time minimum wage was raised and therefore calls for a raise in the near future. I agree on raising minimum wage for a few reasons. Big corporations are making an enormous amount of money, they should be able to compensate their employees at a decent rate. In California, the minimum wage is considered $8. 00 an hour but is not limited to paying a new employee under 20 a minimum wage of $4. 25 for the first 90 days, or paying a full-time high school or college students working part time to be paid $6. 80 an hour. This is completely legal and it is to the discretion of the employer to determine the final wage. With companies are making thousands of dollars you would think they would be able to compensate their employees at a higher wage. If companies could increase an employee’s salary, that means the employee can take home a bigger check which can turn out to be a good thing. Now more money is coming in, the more they can spend on items that will in return create more jobs to supply the increase of demanded items. Now, I know â€Å"more money means more spending† may seem like a bad thing Cost of living is an issue when the ideal living situation isn’t customized to every family More money coming into the house hold can mean money spent on items and in favor create more jobs to meet the demand. Those who oppose an increase to the minimum wage, however, argue that the effects on employment rates would be exactly the opposite of those supporters expect. A higher minimum wage, would be too heavy a burden on employers. We can see this being an issue with small business owners and those employers, in turn, would be unable to hire as many people. I understand that small business will have an issue hiring more people if the minimum wage is raised but on the other hand raising minimum wage will motivate people to go out and provide for themselves thus lowering unemployment rates. If minimum wage is applied inconsistently then it does seem unfair to a person living in a different state with a much lower minimum wage, but we also have to give account to the cost of living in that particular state. Rent, food, bills, etc. , maybe be higher or depending on what state the person resides

Dr. Hale Williams Accomplishments - 901 Words

After the death of one of the most prominent doctors in history, Dr. Dan Hale Williams, many expressed their thoughts and sorrow through a series of eulogies that were published in 1931 by the Chicago Defender. The publication was meant to recognize Dr. William’s accomplishments, to inform the African American society that had lost one of its most valued members, and also to inspire young African Americans to take down the barriers of discrimination. During the time period, African Americans faced a great deal of inequality in healthcare, which made the work of Dr. Williams even more significant as he was considered a pioneer in equality of healthcare between races. All of the testimonies that were published were from citizens of Chicago, Illinois the city where the most notorious achievement of Dr. Williams was founded, the first African American hospital, Providence hospital. Dr. Dan Hale Williams illustrious achievements influenced many including influential African America n male leaders such as Dr. Ulysses Grant Daily, Dr. Carl G. Roberts, and attorney Ferdinand L. Barnett. The respect and gratitude the community felt towards Dr. Williams can be summarized in a quote from Dr. Carl G. Roberts who said: â€Å"He was not merely a great Colored surgeon, but a great surgeon who happened to be Colored.† This quote also exemplifies the intent behind the publication by the Chicago Defender to inspire young African Americans to fight against racism by following Dr. Williams’ steps asShow MoreRelated Role of Espionage in American History Essay example2397 Words   |  10 Pagesthe members were Sam and John Adams, John Hancock, James Otis, Dr. James Warren, Ben Churchill, and Paul Revere. Paul Revere was probably the most important pre-Revolutionary spy. Revere participated in the Boston Tea Party raid, along side John Hancock and John Adams. After this, Revere became a messenger from town to town delivering intelligence. His usual ride was a ten -day trek from Philadelphia to Boston. His greatest accomplishment is his famous â€Å"Midnight Ride.† His trip was not all on horsebackRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages(Prentice Hall, 1990) The Truth About Managing People, 2nd ed. (Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 2008) Decide and Conquer: Make Winning Decisions and Take Control of Your Life (Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 2004). Other Interests In his â€Å"other life,† Dr. Robbins actively participates in masters’ track competition. Since turning 50 in 1993, he has won 18 national championships and 12 world titles. He is the current world record holder at 100 meters (12.37 seconds) and 200 meters (25.20 seconds) forRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pageschapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organization. By thoroughly explaining, analyzing and exploring organization theory the book increases the understandingRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesProfessor of Managerial Accounting and Infor- mation Assurance, and the Director of the Ph.D. Program at the Robert H. Smith School of Business. He is also an Affiliate Professor in the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies. Dr Gordon earned his Ph.D. in Managerial Economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. His research focuses on such issues as corporate performance measures, economic aspects of information and cyber security, cost management systems, and capital investments